Complication of Diabetes & its Management l VIVEKANAND HOSPITAL

Diabetes can strike anyone, from any walk of life. And it does. You’re living day to day with the disease, you might not know - what exactly is diabetes?

Diabetes can affect anyone at any age at any time. Diabetes is usually a lifelong (Chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar in blood taken from the foods we eat. Insulin is needed to help the body use the sugar for energy. When a person has diabetes, the pancreas either does not produce or produces very little insulin (type 1 diabetes) or cannot use the insulin that is produced (type 2 diabetes).

Complication

Once diagnosed with diabetes, a lot of complications develop if the treatment is not followed well. The treatment does not just include medicines but also a lifestyle change that needs to be initiated by an individual. Sometimes, the long-term damage caused by diabetes becomes irreversible, so a continuous check to study the severity and cause of few symptoms is recommended

Effect of Diabetes on Heart: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy
Too much glucose in your system can cause restricted blood flow, also known as Atherosclerosis, the “hardening of the arteries”, leading to a variety of symptoms The risk is greater for people with diabetes, who often have increased cholesterol and blood pressure levels Atherosclerosis also increases your probability of getting a stroke

Effect of Diabetes on Eyes: Diabetic Retinopathy
The most common complication is Diabetic Retinopathy. Retinopathy is caused by the swelling and leaking of blood vessels in the back of the eye (the retina). High blood pressure is also a contributing factor for diabetic retinopathy. 

Effect of Diabetes on Kidneys: Diabetic Nephropathy
Kidneys are another organ that is at particular risk of damage as a result of diabetes and the risk is again increased by poorly controlled diabetes leading to diabetic kidney disease. The first sign shown is frequent urination with albumin in it. High levels in the urine may mean that your kidneys have suffered some damage and aren’t functioning well. Kidney disease is painless and does not cause symptoms until it is advanced.

Effect of Diabetes on Nerves: Diabetic Neuropathy
Nerve damage (neuropathy) is usually caused by high blood glucose level. Damage can occur to the sensory (feeling) and motor (movement) nerves of the legs and feet, arms, hands, chest, and stomach, and to the nerves that control the actions of body organs

Effect of Diabetes on Skin: Diabetic Dermopathy

People with diabetes sometimes may experience very dry skin because of the damage to the small blood vessels and nerves. The most common problem for people with diabetes is very dry skin on the feet and cracked heels, but this may be more generalized. There are also other skin conditions related to diabetes. High blood glucose levels over time affect the health of the skin

Effect of Diabetes on Foot: Diabetic ulcer

Diabetics are at higher risk of feet damage when the blood supply in both large and small blood vessels is reduced. Apart from nerve damage, structural abnormalities can also occur, for example, clawed toes. Reduced blood supply and nerve function also delays healing, increases the risk of infection, reduces sensation in the feet, and leads to ulcers and structural foot problems

Diabetes and Oral Health

People with poorly managed diabetes are at an increased risk of tooth decay and gum infections. This is due to the damage to the small blood vessels supplying blood to the gums and teeth. Dental and gum infections can also lead to high blood glucose levels. Not looking after your teeth and gums can cause the gums to become inflamed and loosen around the teeth

Diabetes Gangrene

Gangrene is a state in which a certain part of the body is not getting sufficient blood circulation, causing the tissue to die. The common signs of gangrene include Redness in the affected area, which can then become brown or black and Pain evolving into numbness. Swelling from the body fighting off an infection can cause a loss of blood circulation that can starve a section of the body of oxygen and nutrients and cause gangrene.

Symptoms and Tests

 Signs and symptoms of diabetes help to detect the disease early and get it under control before any irreversible damage is done to the body.

High blood sugar levels can cause several symptoms, including:

             Blurry vision

             Excess thirst

             Fatigue

             Hunger

             Urinating often

             Weight Loss

A urine analysis may show high blood sugar. However, a urine test alone does not diagnose diabetes. If you have diabetes then your blood sugar level will be higher than 200 mg/dL. To confirm the diagnosis, one or more of the following tests must be done.

Blood Test:

Testing Blood glucose level- diabetes is diagnosed if it is higher than 126 mg/dL twice. Levels between 100 and 126 mg/dL are called impaired fasting glucose or pre-diabetes. These levels are risk factors for type 2 diabetes.

  Hemoglobin A1c test –

           Normal: less than 5.7%

           Pre-diabetes: 5.7% - 6.4%

           Diabetes: 6.5% or higher

  Oral glucose tolerance test-Diabetes is diagnosed if glucose level is higher than 200 mg/dL after 2 hours of drinking a glucose drink.

 Screening for type 2 diabetes in people who have no symptoms is recommended for

Overweight children who have other risk factors for diabetes, starting at the age 10 and repeated every 2 years.

               Over adults (BMI greater than 25) who have other risk factors

               Adults over age 45, repeated every 3 years

Prevention :

 Implementing physical activity into your daily routine can help prevent or delay type 2 diabetes among adults at high risk of developing diabetes.

People with diabetes should learn to count carbohydrates in their food as carbohydrates contribute to high blood sugar. Physical activity is essential to diabetes treatment because muscles that are regularly exercised consume sugar more efficiently than muscles that are inactive. Your doctor may suggest you monitor your finger-stick sugar levels at home with a machine that can measure your sugar (a glucometer). Good control is a fasting blood sugar between 80 and 110 and, 2 hours after a meal, blood sugar less than 140, The frequency of monitoring depends on your level of control and if you are on insulin and may range from a few times per week to a four to six times per day. Visit VIVEKANAND Diabetes Centre to consult our specialist doctor.

Diabetes is a leading cause of death by disease. If left untreated or improperly managed, the high levels of blood sugar associated with diabetes can slowly damage both the small and large blood vessels in the body, resulting in a variety of complications

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Cosmetic surgery a necessity …..Why?

We live in a world where everybody is meaning to accomplish significance in their profession as well as in the way they look. Cosmetic surgery and treatment are on the ascent as more and more people are endeavoring to get rid of their imperfections and become perfect.

As you investigate your alternatives for cosmetic surgery, you will probably have questions and concerns like other cosmetic surgery individuals. Before going ahead with a cosmetic surgery procedure, you will have many issues to consider. Building up your comprehension of cosmetic surgery is basic to settling on a very much informed decision about your body.

Cosmetic surgery was once thought of vanity procedures saved for the well-off and the renowned. This is never again obvious. With increased pressure from society to reverse aging and to get in shape, cosmetic surgery has been consistently expanding in prominence and availability. "Advancements in Cosmetic Surgery” has made it available to any individual who wants it.

Cosmetic surgery is considered as the expertise of drug and the surgery which limits itself in upgrading the appearance with the use of surgical and medical methods. The skin surgery includes maintaining the basic appearance, upgrading the present appearance, restoring the appearance. 

Cosmetic surgery is a far-reaching approach which can be coordinated in all zones gracious the body which includes, head, neck and the complete body. Capability in cosmetic surgery includes a blend of surgical judgment, learning, morals and the technical expertise with a specific end goal to accomplish the coveted objective of giving the visual change to the body.

 Overall the skin surgery can be characterized in three classifications:

o Facial restorative surgery

o General restorative surgery

o Dermatologic skin surgery

The principle of cosmetic surgeries completed nowadays includes: facelift, eyelid raises, breast augmentation, buttock implants, liposuction, breast reduction, breast lifts, lip augmentation, mole evacuation, and collagen infusions. Other treatment includes cellulite treatment, laser hair expulsions, gastric bypass, and mesotherapy.

One of the many reasons why cosmetic surgery is so popular is because it has a number of pros or plus sides. First of all, Cosmetic surgery can enhance your appearance. Cosmetic surgery is not the same as reconstructive surgery and many other lifesaving surgeries since it is discretionary. The individuals who experience cosmetic surgery are generally simply hoping to enhance their appearance. As nice as it is to look attractive, it is likewise vital to take note of that you will probably observe a change in your self-esteem, and add your self-confidence.

As already expressed, most people undergo cosmetic surgery to enhance their physical appearance. While this is true, some other people do as such for their Health. Is it true that you are overweight or even hefty? If you are, cosmetic surgery may really help to save your life or at least reduce your risk of other health complications, for example, hypertension and diabetes. The individuals who are hefty are urged to look at the Lapband surgery and gastric bypass surgery. The individuals who are marginally overweight, however not yet hefty, are urged to examine.

Cosmetic surgery, generally known as plastic surgery, requires a person's feeling of self after some type of injury and illness. It enables one to get rid of the physical characteristics or deformities- he or she was conceived with. Cosmetic surgery appears: how science helps to change human body by dint of technological empowerment. It incorporates a wide range of aesthetic surgery like aesthetic facial surgery, liposculpting and body controlling and aesthetic breast surgery, all reconstructing surgery like breast reconstruction, limb recreation and sore reconstruction, other than liposuction and non-obtrusive types of surgery like hair removal and other types of surgeries.

In the event of this surgery is generally related to the issue of feel as opposed to the reconstruction. It, being related with aesthetic, helps individuals to beat marks of disgrace related to their appearance or some obvious spots on their skin and faces or some awful looking patches on bodies. However, when the matter of cosmetic surgery comes and people like to undergo such surgeries. Apart from this keep in mind that plastic surgery isn't appropriate for everyone. Individuals who are smokers or narcotic addicted or those have illnesses like diabetes, heart illness or hypertension should not undergo plastic or cosmetic surgery. Many individuals unconsciously have fallen prey to it. In this treatment, one needs long period and continuous check up to come round from it.

As it helps to get one a new look, lawbreakers, criminals, and men from underworld misuse it to get rid of the penal servitude for which they are accused of. In some cases, it turns out to be inconvenient for the individuals who have diseases like hypertension, diabetes, heart ailments or different diseases. So with the development and introduction of this surgery without a doubt in one hand we have benefited and then again cosmetic surgery helped criminal to disappear their genuine physical look.

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HEAD AND NECK CANCER VIVEKANAND HOSPITAL BHUBANESWAR

The term “head and neck cancers” can associate with cancers affecting some of the unique regions within this larger section of the body. Frequently, it approaches cancers impacting the mouth, throat, and nostril. Despite the fact that cancer rising in those areas is frequently out of the affected individual’s manipulate, there are a number of behaviors that considerably contribute to the improvement of head and neck most cancers, especially the excessive use of tobacco (through smoking of cigarettes and cigars or chewing tobacco) and alcohol.

As with all form of cancer, it’s crucial that individuals catch head and neck cancers early in their development. As a way to do so, it’s vital that individual recognize the signs and symptoms of cancers affecting the throat, nostril, and mouth. That is especially critical for people whose family history or lifestyle will increase their possibilities of developing those extreme illnesses.

Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of mouth, head and neck cancers depend upon where in the tumor is discovered.The various symptoms of head & neck most cancers inclusive of other commonplace issues including tonsillitis, ear infections & strep throat. Most of these benign procedures run a brief course of a few weeks & improve with treatment:

•  A chronic sore throat.

•  Difficulty or ache in chewing and swallowing.

•  Hoarseness that lasts more than two-3 weeks.

•  Changes to your breathing at rest.

•  Unexplained unfastened tooth.

•  A swelling or lump.

•  Weight loss abruptly.

•  Earache or ringing inside the ear or hearing problems.

•  Dentures which no longer match the architecture of jaw.

•  Blocked or bleeding nose.

•  White or red patches in the lining of the mouth or on the tongue that do not go away.

•  Facial numbness or pain or weak spot of facial movement

Cause

We don’t realize exactly what reasons head and neck cancers. However, there are things that can increase your risk of developing it, called risk factors. Drinking heavily and smoking over many years, especially when you do both, are the main risk elements. Head and neck cancers are more commonplace in men than in women

1. Tobacco smoking is properly mounted as a dominant danger aspect for individuals, and this threat is correlated with the depth and duration of a smoking habit. The element present within the cigarette can change the molecular profile of the individuals and cause mutations.

2. The major risk issue for oral cancers among non-drinkers is tobacco use and amongst non-smokers is alcohol use. The threat might also grow immediately with alcohol consumption.

3.  Although the mode of transmission of HPV (human papilloma virus) in head and neck cancers has not been determined, sexual conduct has been associated with an increased risk. Moreover, the presence of viral DNA in tumors, the etiological link between HPV and head and neck cancers has been supported by using the detection of HPV DNA in oral rinses and HPV-particular antibodies in head and neck most cancers cases

4.  A diet plan that consists of some type of preserved or salted food.  The latest study showed that better nutritional sample ratings, with excessive consumption of fruit and vegetable and low intake of red meat, can reduce the chance.

5.   Prolonged exposure to a few forms of dirt and certain chemical substances at work.

6.  The precancerous circumstance of mouth, which includes leukoplakia and erythroplakia.

Diagnosis

Head and neck cancer is frequently tough to diagnose early due to the fact many humans only revel in mild symptoms. This is why it is so crucial to see your physician and dentist regularly, in particular in case you are a smoker or drinker. Three-quarters of all oral cancers may be visible or felt in a physical examination by your medical doctor and lots of cancerous lesions are detected by dentists. Most cancers of the nasal passageways or middle ear can be greater difficult to stumble on.

Similarly to a thorough physical examination, your doctor also uses blood tests, an imaging method, for example, x-ray and magnetic resonance (MRI), tomograms, arteriogram, endoscopy and biopsy to make accurate and develop the maximum appropriate treatment procedure. 

A successful remedy for head and neck most cancers frequently involves surgical treatment, radiation therapy, chemotherapy or an aggregate of the three. Similarly to tumor elimination, different goals of successful treatment include restoration of swallowing, consuming and talking functions. Plastic surgical treatment and speech therapy are now and again required for cosmetic and useful reasons after surgical removal of head and neck tumors.

How head & neck cancer can be avoided?

There are two easy methods to prevent oral most cancers and different sorts of head and neck cancer – give up using tobacco products (cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco or snuff) and reduce or eliminate alcohol consumption. Although typically associated with lung cancer, tobacco is likewise the most common cause of cancerous oral lesions, and nicotine is most possibly the offender. High level of nicotine in chewing tobacco damage the inner lining of the cheeks, giving nicotine and other toxic chemical substances easy get right of entry into the bloodstream and other elements of the body. Seventy-five percentages of all cancerous mouth and throat tumors are associated with tobacco and alcohol use. Heavy smokers (more than two packs a day) and heavy drinkers (More than four alcoholic beverages a day) have a seven-time more chance of developing oral cancers than nonsmokers and nondrinkers.

Maintaining correct oral hygiene may be done by using:

• Decreasing excessive use of alcohol

• Putting off use of all tobacco products

• Seeing your dentist two times a year

• Consulting with your physician if a lump, sore, or discolored location doesn’t heal within 10 to 20 days

• Wearing nicely-fitting denture (if you do now not have your natural teeth)

• Adhering to a well-balanced, nutritious diet, this consists of fruits, as well as vitamins C and E.

Staying healthy requires excellent preventive Maintenance. A part of this renovation includes right oral hygiene, which is an essential contributor for your universal nicely-being.

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